Demographic Patterns Research Articles

Tourism and Recreational Industry for Rural Development in Ukrainian Mountains

This article addresses how to develop national and local policy on tourism and recreation in mountainous rural areas considering the recreational capacity, demographic patterns and economic situations, with an emphasis on local livelihoods. Management of recreational natural resources is an integral component of the national environmental policy. It is considered that the recreational natural resources management is broader than the recreational industry management, since the former covers protection and restoration of the resources. The multiplier economic effect and joint use of recreational resources by various users are the key issues for the industry. Evidently, almost in all the Ukraine’s regions, accessible recreational resources are not used efficiently enough. In order to evolve an appropriate sustainable tourism policy, a multilevel algorithm is developed on how to classify areas depending on the recreational resources and tourism industry. The algorithm supplies several policy models of the recreational industry’s development, taking into account the types of settlements (urban, rural, intermediate, and mountainous), proximity of settlements to urban centres (urbanized and peripheral), recreational capacity of areas (high, medium, low), and economic efficiency of local recreational industry (productive, semi-productive, unproductive). Accordingly, three types of communities’ development strategies have been suggested. They include the recreational focus, profound recreational industry, and recreations for locals. The novelty of this research is that it presents the approach on how to assess the capacity of local recreational recourses and the industry. The multilevel algorithm is proposed to classify areas and define better approaches for the local policies.

Aesthetic Surgery Complications Disproportionately Burden Economically Disadvantaged Patients and Financially Strain Public Health Insurance: A Single Academic Center Retrospective Analysis

Abstract Goals/Purpose Complications of elective aesthetic surgery performed in private practice pose significant morbidity to patients and resource burden to healthcare systems. We aimed to characterize contemporary demographic and complication patterns among patients presenting to an academic center after aesthetic surgery, as well as the financial and resource burden of their postoperative care on the hospital and payor. Methods/Technique We performed a retrospective review of patients who presented to an urban, academic hospital emergency department in Northern California from September 1, 2020 to September 30, 2023. We included patients with primary complaints related to aesthetic procedures performed at outside centers resulting in a plastic surgery consultation. Demographics, outcomes, hospital charges, and insurance payments were determined. Univariable analyses identified associations with outcomes. Results/Complications We identified 36 patients with aesthetic procedure-related complaints. Mean age was 37.5 ± 9.8 years and all patients were female. Compared with the rest of the patient population presenting to the emergency department over the same time period (n=269,286), the identified patients were more likely to be black (34.3% vs. 20.4%, p=.04), Hispanic (40% vs. 24.6%, p=.03), and on Medicaid (80.6% vs. 31.7%, p<.001). Tobacco/cannabis use and obesity were prevalent in 25% and 47.2% of patients, respectively. Most patients underwent aesthetic procedures in the United States (51.4%), followed by Mexico (37.1%) and the Dominican Republic (11.4%). Body regions intervened upon were the abdomen (52.8%), breasts (52.8%), buttocks (33.3%), and arms (8.3%). In 36.1% of patients, multiple body regions were intervened upon during the index case. Abdominal cases included primary abdominoplasty (84.2%), panniculectomy (10.5%), and revision abdominoplasty (5.3%). Breast cases were primary augmentation (36.8%), revision augmentation (21.1%), augmentation mastopexy (15.8%), mastopexy only (15.8%), and other (10.5%). Buttocks cases were gluteal fat grafting (63.6%) and implant insertion (36.4%). Arm cases were all brachioplasty. Median postoperative day was 21 (Interquartile Range [IQR] 11.5, 36). Reasons for presentation included infection (44.5%), dehiscence (16.7%), pain (16.7%), seroma/drainage (11.1%), drain management (5.6%), and hematoma (2.8%). Nearly half received computed tomographic imaging (47.2%). Half of patients were admitted with a median length of stay of 2.5 days (IQR 1, 3). One-third underwent intervention, including implant removal (58.3%), image-guided aspiration (25%), and incision and drainage (16.7%). Patients using tobacco/cannabis were more likely to present with infection (88.9% vs. 25.9%, p=.001) and undergo intervention (66.7% vs. 22.2%, p=.01). There were recurrent emergency department visits among 22.2%. Overall, 44.4% of patients had outpatient follow-up visits for a median of 3 (IQR 2, 4) visits up to a median of 38 (IQR 21.5, 70.5) days after consultation. For the index hospital encounter and any subsequent outpatient/emergency visits, the total median hospital charge was $43,324.96 (IQR $10,728.12, $80,803.18) and median insurance payment was $3,947 (IQR $404.61, $24,516.00). In the setting of operative intervention, median hospital charge and insurance payments were $125,358.70 (IQR $51,065.52, $152,704.70) and $14,863.52 (IQR $3,947, $49,031.13), respectively. Conclusion In this case series, the majority of patients presenting with complaints related to aesthetic surgery were economically disadvantaged and nearly half received surgery abroad. Their surgical complications often directly and significantly cost the state-funded health insurance and strained inpatient and outpatient resources. Nearly a quarter of patients were offered aesthetic surgery despite active smoking, and they were more likely to develop infection and receive invasive treatments. While future analysis should aim to replicate our findings in a larger sample, providers and government agencies should warn their vulnerable patients of these risks.

The drivers of intraspecific trait variation and their implications for future tree productivity and survival.

Forests are facing unprecedented levels of stress from pest and disease outbreaks, disturbance, fragmentation, development, and a changing climate. These selective agents act to alter forest composition from regional to cellular levels. Thus, a central challenge for understanding how forests will be impacted by future change is how to integrate across scales of biology. Phenotype, or an observable trait, is the product of an individual's genes (G) and the environment in which an organism lives (E). To date, researchers have detailed how environment drives variation in tree phenotypes over long time periods (e.g., long-term ecological research sites [LTERs]) and across large spatial scales (e.g., flux network). In parallel, researchers have discovered the genes and pathways that govern phenotypes, finding high degrees of genetic control and signatures of local adaptation in many plant traits. However, the research in these two areas remain largely independent of each other, hindering our ability to generate accurate predictions of plant response to environment, an increasingly urgent need given threats to forest systems. I present the importance of both genes and environment in determining tree responses to climate stress. I highlight why the difference between G versus E in driving variation is critical for our understanding of climate responses, then propose means of accelerating research that examines G and E simultaneously by leveraging existing long-term, large-scale phenotypic data sets from ecological networks and adding newly affordable sequence (-omics) data to both drill down to find the genes and alleles influencing phenotypes and scale up to find how patterns of demography and local adaptation may influence future response to change.

Cutaneous Malignancies: A Prospective Study of Demographic Patterns, Risk Factors, and Clinical Spectrum at a Tertiary Care Center in South India

Background and Objectives: The incidence of skin cancer is increasing worldwide and is causing a massive burden to the health-care system. It arises as a result of interplay between various predisposing factors. We intend to study the various clinical presentations of cutaneous malignancies and the demographic pattern and risk factors associated with them. Methodology: The study was done over a period of 7 years, 181 patients were diagnosed with cutaneous malignancy in the department of dermatology of our tertiary care hospital. A diagnosis was done based on history, clinical and histopathological examination. Results: Of 181 patients, majority of the patients belonged to 7th decade (n = 56, 31%) with the mean age being 55 years. The study group had 105 males (58%) and 76 (42%) females. The most common site was the head-and-neck region (n = 105, 58%). The most important associated condition/predisposing factor was ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure (n = 79, 44%). Keratinocytic tumors formed the largest group (n = 131, 72%) in which basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the most common (n = 75, 41%). Surgical excision was the main modality of treatment and was done in 111 (61%) patients. Conclusion: BCC was the most common skin cancer with head-and-neck region being the most common location in our study. Important risk factors were increasing age, male sex, and prolonged exposure to UV radiation. Early diagnosis helps in planning effective management strategies.

Interstage flow matrices: Population statistic derived from matrix population models

Abstract Many population statistics describe the characteristics of populations within and among species. These are useful for describing population dynamics, understanding how environmental factors alter demographic patterns, testing hypotheses related to the evolution of life history characteristics and informing the effective management of populations. In this study, we propose a population statistic: the interstage flow. The interstage flow is defined as the product of the element in the ith row, the jth column of the population projection matrix and the jth element of the normalized stable stage distribution. The sum of the interstage flow matrix elements is equal to the population growth rate (PGR), which is the dominant eigenvalue of the population projection matrix. The interstage flow matrix elements allow decomposition of PGR into component contributions made by transitions between developmental stages. We demonstrate the utility of interstage flow matrices using matrix population models from the COMPADRE plant matrix database. We compared interstage flows among four life history/functional groups (FGs) (semelparous herbs, iteroparous herbs, shrubs and trees) and described how PGR reflected individual transitions related to stasis, fecundity and growth. We found that the individual flows are different among FGs. Synthesis. The proposed population statistic, the interstage flow matrix, describes the contribution of individual developmental stage transitions to the PGR. The flow of individuals between developmental stages differs in distinctive ways among different life histories and FGs. The interstage flow matrix is a valuable statistic for describing these differences.

Prevalence and Pattern of Zygomatic Complex Fracture in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central Nepal

Background Zygomatic complex fracture is one of the commonest fractures of face leading to facial asymmetry. Various classification systems describing the pattern have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of Zygomatic maxillary complex fracture in tertiary centre hospital of Nepal based on two different classifications. MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted on College of Medical Sciences, Teaching Hospital, Chitwan from September 2021 to August 2023 with all cases of facial injuries. Computed Tomography scan of the cases were considered and 371 cases with Zygomatic maxillary complex fracture were studied. Apart from the demographic data, Knight and North classification and Zing Classification of the fractures were recorded. The data was tabulated and analysed using SPSS 20.ResultsZygomatic maxillary complex fracture was prevalent in third decayed of life with mean age of 28.45 years. Male (286) were more affected. Road traffic accident is primary cause of the fracture in our study. Type III fracture (31.35%) on Knights classification is commonest pattern followed by type VI (18.65%), type V (13.99%) and type II (14.77%). On Zing classification type B (53.89%) of Zing classifications is more prevalent followed by type C (19.69%) and type A2 (17.36%).Conclusions The study describes the demographic distribution, aetiology and pattern of Zygomatic complex fracture in a tertiary hospital.

Abstract 4813: Demographic, treatment, and survival patterns in Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: A national retrospective analysis from the National Cancer Database

Abstract Background: Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a form of LPL that presents with overproduction of IgM monoclonal protein. The understanding and treatment of LPL/WM has improved. However, few studies analyze LPL/WM in Hispanic (HI) patients specifically. This study aims to evaluate demographics, treatment, and survival patterns in HI vs. Non-Hispanic (NH) patients with LPL/WM. Methods: Data were analyzed on LPL/WM patients in the US reported to the NCDB from 2004-2019. Demographic and treatment characteristics were compared between ethnic groups. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to compare overall survival (OS) between HI and NH. Multivariate analysis and propensity score matching were performed with adjustment for age, stage, co-morbidity score, insurance status, type of facility and great circle distance (GCD). Results: 17,915 patients were identified. 92% were NH, 3% were HI. Most patients were male in both NH and HI (p = 0.120). The median age at diagnosis for HI was 68 vs. 71 for NH (p < 0.001). Most HI and NH were white (87% HI, 91% NH p < 0.001). More HI were uninsured (8% HI, 1% NH p < 0.001) and were less likely to have government sponsored insurance (60% HI, 66% NH p < 0.001). Regarding income, most NH (42%) were in the $63,000+ bracket while most HI were in the $48,000-$62,999 bracket. Regarding education, reported in percent quartiles with no high school degree, most HI (41%) were in the > 21% bracket while most NH (35%) were in the 7-12.9% bracket (p < 0.001). Most HI (43%) were treated at academic/research programs; most NH were treated at comprehensive community cancer programs (38.4%, p < 0.001). Regarding comorbidities score, 9% of HI scored ≥ 2 vs 8% of NH (p 0.029). Regarding GCD, the median distance in miles between the patient’s residence and the hospital that reported the case, HI lived at a median of 6.7 miles vs 9 miles for NH (p < 0.001). Regarding treatment, 68% of HI were given treatment vs. 62% of NH (p < 0.001). There was no difference in mortality between HI vs. NH (30 day mortality p = 0.322; 90 day mortality p = 0.217). On survival analysis, the survival probability at 2, 5 and 10 years of HI vs NH were 81% vs 83%, 69% vs 68%, and 52% vs 46%, respectively. The median survival time (MS) was 10.6 years for HI vs 9 years for NH. There was no OS difference between HI vs. NH (p = 0.47). On multivariate analysis, there were no independent variables associated with better or worse OS. The propensity matched analysis showed no MS difference between HI vs NH (8.96 y vs. 8.74 y). Conclusion: We identified ethnic differences in age, race, insurance, education, income, location of treatment, GCD, staging, and treatment patterns. However, there was no statistically significant ethnic difference in MS or OS. Citation Format: Maria Elena Fierro, Heidi Latiolais, Qianquian Liu, Joel Michalek, Adolfo Enrique Diaz Duque. Demographic, treatment, and survival patterns in Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: A national retrospective analysis from the National Cancer Database [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4813.

Abstract 6135: Racial and ethnic differences in site of de novo metastases in patients with colorectal cancer: A SEER analysis

Abstract Purpose: Disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality may be driven by differences in access to care, tumor biology, and propensity to spread to distant sites. We examine differences in patterns of de novo metastases by race/ethnicity and age. Methods: We identified 248,732 CRC patients listed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database diagnosed with a first primary invasive CRC from 2010-2020, aged 20+ years at diagnosis, with complete data on SEER summary stage, and not diagnosed only by autopsy/death certificate. Outcomes included de novo metastatic site (no metastasis, liver, lung, brain, bone) and pattern (no metastasis, liver only, lung only, liver and lung, other). We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the associations between 1) demographic and tumor characteristics (site, side, T stage, N stage) and site of de novo metastases , and 2) race/ethnicity and site of de novo metastases stratified by age (20-49, 50-74, 75+). We used multinomial logistic regression to assess the association between demographic and tumor characteristics and pattern of metastasis. Models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex, site (colon, rectum), side (left, right), T stage, and N stage. Results: 62,844 stage IV CRC cases were diagnosed from 2010-2020, and liver was the most common metastatic site (72%). Relative to age 50-74, age 20-49 at diagnosis was more strongly associated with de novo liver metastases (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.11) and less with lung (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.80-0.92) or brain (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.52-0.93) metastases. Relative to Non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients, Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) patients had a higher risk of lung metastases (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.65), Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (API) patients had lower risks of liver (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83-0.92) and brain (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48-0.95) metastases, and Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients had higher risks of liver (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.29-1.41), lung (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.27-1.45), and bone (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08-1.41) metastases. In age-stratified analyses, the risks for NHB patients persisted across groups, while lower risks for API patients were not observed in the 20-49 group. API patients aged 20-49 had a higher risk of de novo lung (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.06-1.61) and bone (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.13-2.37) metastases, and the increased risk of lung metastases for AI/AN patients was larger in magnitude (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.39-3.68). Age 20-49 was more strongly associated with a liver-only pattern (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09-1.19) and with less common distant sites (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.25-1.41). Conclusions: Racial/ethnic differences in de novo metastatic CRC patterns exist overall and across age groups. These findings are consistent with disparities in risk of stage IV CRC and can inform surveillance priorities in CRC survivors. Citation Format: Nicole C. Loroña, Mariana C. Stern, Stephanie L. Schmit, Jane C. Figueiredo. Racial and ethnic differences in site of de novo metastases in patients with colorectal cancer: A SEER analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6135.

Characterization of Weissella Species during a 3-Year Observational Study - An Emerging Threat.

Weissella species are mistaken for Lactobacillus or Leuconostoc because of their Gram-staining property and resistance to vancomycin. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the demographic pattern, presenting symptoms, risk factors, associated pathologies, and clinical outcomes in patients with Weissella infection. We also analyzed the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Weissella species isolated. This retrospective observational study was done from January 2021 to August 2023 in a tertiary care referral center in Uttar Pradesh. All Weissella species isolated from blood cultures or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples during this period were included in the study. Twenty-four-hour growth from a positive blood culture or CSF sample was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Demographic and clinical details of the patients were extracted from the hospital information system. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. During the 3-year study, 13 isolates of Weissella species were identified in our laboratory. Among the patients, male predominance was seen. The age range of the patients was 5-53 years. The samples were blood samples (n = 11) and CSF samples (n = 2). Of these isolates, 12 (92.3%) were identified as Weissella confusa and 1 (7.69%) was identified as Weissella viridescens. Common risk factors were anemia, prolonged hospital stay, indwelling catheter, chemotherapy, and chronic kidney disease. All the isolates in this study were sensitive to amikacin, daptomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, minocycline, and linezolid. Death was attributed to Weissella infection in three patients. Weissella species are opportunistic organisms that need to be identified quickly and precisely to guarantee the right course of treatment.

Divergent urban land trajectories under alternative population projections within the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

Population change is a main driver behind global environmental change, including urban land expansion. In future scenario modeling, assumptions regarding how populations will change locally, despite identical global constraints of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), can have dramatic effects on subsequent regional urbanization. Using a spatial modeling experiment at high resolution (1 km), this study compared how two alternative US population projections, varying in the spatially explicit nature of demographic patterns and migration, affect urban land dynamics simulated by the Spatially Explicit, Long-term, Empirical City development (SELECT) model for SSP2, SSP3, and SSP5. The population projections included: (1) newer downscaled state-specific population (SP) projections inclusive of updated international and domestic migration estimates, and (2) prevailing downscaled national-level projections (NP) agnostic to localized demographic processes. Our work shows that alternative population inputs, even those under the same SSP, can lead to dramatic and complex differences in urban land outcomes. Under the SP projection, urbanization displays more of an extensification pattern compared to the NP projection. This suggests that recent demographic information supports more extreme urban extensification and land pressures on existing rural areas in the US than previously anticipated. Urban land outcomes to population inputs were spatially variable where areas in close spatial proximity showed divergent patterns, reflective of the spatially complex urbanization processes that can be accommodated in SELECT. Although different population projections and assumptions led to divergent outcomes, urban land development is not a linear product of population change but the result of complex relationships between population, dynamic urbanization processes, stages of urban development maturity, and feedback mechanisms. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for spatial variations in the population projections, but also urbanization process to accurately project long-term urban land patterns.

Epidemiological Analysis of Traumatic Compartment Syndromes in Germany.

Background: Traumatic compartment syndrome is a critical condition that can lead to severe, lifelong disability. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed hospital billing data from 2015 to 2022, provided by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, to examine the demographics and trends of traumatic compartment syndrome in Germany. The analysis included cases coded with ICD-10 codes T79.60 to T79.69 and any therapeutic OPS code starting with 5-79, focusing on diagnosis year, gender, ICD-10 code, and patient age. Results: The results showed that out of 13,305 cases, the majority were in the lower leg (44.4%), with males having a significantly higher incidence than females (2.3:1 ratio). A bimodal age distribution was observed, with peaks at 22-23 and 55 years. A notable annual decline of 43.87 cases in compartment syndrome was observed, with significant decreases across different genders and age groups, particularly in males under 40 (23.68 cases per year) and in the "foot" and "lower leg" categories (16.67 and 32.87 cases per year, respectively). Conclusions: The study highlights a declining trend in traumatic CS cases in Germany, with distinct demographic patterns. Through these findings, hospitals can adjust their therapeutic regimens, and it could increase awareness among healthcare professionals about this disease.

Social media use and vision impairment in adults between the ages of 18 and 35 years in India.

Social media is used by >4.48 billion people worldwide. Despite its popularity, vision-impaired individuals struggle to use social media given visual inaccessibility of content and lack of access to Internet/Wireless-Fidelity-enabled devices. Our study explores visually impaired adult's use of social media in comparison to a control group. This study aimed to report the demographic profile and patterns of social media use among adults with vision impairment (VI) aged 18 to 35 years and compare it with an age-matched normally sighted group in India. In addition, we explored barriers to use of social media among adults with VI. Vision-impaired and normally sighted adults (controls) aged 18 to 35 years at L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India, answered a questionnaire about social media use (e.g., platform used). Four hundred twenty-two individuals (201 VI, 221 controls) participated. Normally sighted adults (98%) used social media more than the VI group (81%; p<0.001). Vision-impaired users were predominantly male (85%) and unemployed (57%; p<0.00001 for both). There was no significant difference in educational level between groups (p=0.17). Smartphones were the most popular device used (VI, 161 [99%]; control, 206 [95%]), with tablet PC/iPad being the least popular (VI, 5 [3%]; control, 12 [6%]). Adults with VI and controls commonly used WhatsApp as communication platforms, and Facebook and Twitter as networking platforms. Approximately one-third of individuals across both social media user groups reported barriers to use (VI, 48 [30%]; control, 74 [34%]; p<0.001). Vision-impaired individuals cited accessibility issues of having to rely on audio over vision to navigate social media, whereas controls reported having to share a phone. The proportion of social media usage among VI adults is high (81%) and is substantially higher than the 33% reported in the general Indian population. Vision-impaired adults who used social media were male with moderate VI and were less likely to be employed compared with controls.

Shared phylogeographic patterns and environmental responses of co-distributed soybean pests: Insights from comparative phylogeographic studies of Riptortus pedestris and Riptortus linearis in the subtropics of East Asia

Comparative phylogeographic studies of closely related species sharing co-distribution areas can elucidate the role of shared historical factors and environmental changes in shaping their phylogeographic pattern. The bean bugs, Riptortus pedestris and Riptortus linearis, which both inhabit subtropical regions in East Asia, are recognized as highly destructive soybean pests. Many previous studies have investigated the biological characteristics, pheromones, chemicals and control mechanisms of these two pests, but few studies have explored their phylogeographic patterns and underlying factors. In this study, we generated a double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) dataset to investigate phylogeographic patterns and construct ecological niche models (ENM) for both Riptortus species. Our findings revealed similar niche occupancies and population genetic structures between the two species, with each comprising two phylogeographic lineages (i.e., the mainland China and the Indochina Peninsula clades) that diverged approximately 0.1 and 0.3 million years ago, respectively. This divergence likely resulted from the combined effects of temperatures variation and geographical barriers in the mountainous regions of Southwest China. Further demographic history and ENM analyses suggested that both pests underwent rapid expansion prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Furthermore, ENM predicts a northward shift of both pests into new soybean-producing regions due to global warming. Our study indicated that co-distribution soybean pests with overlapping ecological niches and similar life histories in subtropical regions of East Asia exhibit congruent phylogeographic and demographic patterns in response to shared historical biogeographic drivers.

Population genetics of the critically endangered three-striped turtle, Batagur dhongoka, from the Ganga river system using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analysis

The three-striped roofed (Batagur dhongoka) is a semi-aquatic turtle that belongs to family Geoemydidae. Due to anthropogenic pressure, it has been facing an intense decline of over 80% in its distribution range in the past 50 years. It is considered as 'Critically Endangered' so effective conservation strategies are needed to protect the species by determining their genetic diversity and population genetic structure. This study investigates the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic pattern of B. dhongoka from two Turtle Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre established near Ganga river using mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b: 1140 bp) ; control region (CR: 451 bp) and ten nuclear microsatellite loci. mtDNA results show low levels of nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0022) in B. dhongoka haplotypes and provide evidence for a low substitution rate. The demographic pattern estimated by the Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis indicates historical stability followed by growth in the effective population size, with a recent reduction in population size from ~ 2 thousand years ago. The microsatellite findings show a moderate level of observed heterozygosity (Ho: 0.49). Bayesian-based clustering analysis revealed weak genetic structures in B. dhongoka and presence of admixed assignations suggesting close genetic relationships. These findings shed light on B. dhongoka's genetic status and underline the necessity of comprehensive rehabilitation and relocation programs and conservation and management techniques to ensure the species' long-term survival. In order to ensure the effective protection and conservation of B. dhongoka, the Government of India has taken a proactive measure by incorporating it into Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2022.

An Agent-Based Model for Disease Epidemics in Greece

In this research, we present the first steps toward developing a data-driven agent-based model (ABM) specifically designed for simulating infectious disease dynamics in Greece. Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, this research holds significant importance as it can offer valuable insights into disease transmission patterns and assist in devising effective intervention strategies. To the best of our knowledge, no similar study has been conducted in Greece. We constructed a prototype ABM that utilizes publicly accessible data to accurately represent the complex interactions and dynamics of disease spread in the Greek population. By incorporating demographic information and behavioral patterns, our model captures the specific characteristics of Greece, enabling accurate and context-specific simulations. By using our proposed ABM, we aim to assist policymakers in making informed decisions regarding disease control and prevention. Through the use of simulations, policymakers have the opportunity to explore different scenarios and predict the possible results of various intervention measures. These may include strategies like testing approaches, contact tracing, vaccination campaigns, and social distancing measures. Through these simulations, policymakers can assess the effectiveness and feasibility of these interventions, leading to the development of well-informed strategies aimed at reducing the impact of infectious diseases on the Greek population. This study is an initial exploration toward understanding disease transmission patterns and a first step towards formulating effective intervention strategies for Greece.

Evaluating the Role of Breast Ultrasound in Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Breast cancer, affecting both genders, but mostly females, exhibits shifting demographic patterns, with an increasing incidence in younger age groups. Early identification through mammography, clinical examinations, and breast self-exams enhances treatment efficacy, but challenges persist in low- and medium-income countries due to limited imaging resources. This review assesses the feasibility of employing breast ultrasound as the primary breast cancer screening method, particularly in resource-constrained regions. Following the PRISMA guidelines, this study examines 52 publications from the last five years. Breast ultrasound, distinct from mammography, offers advantages like radiation-free imaging, suitability for repeated screenings, and preference for younger populations. Real-time imaging and dense breast tissue evaluation enhance sensitivity, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, limitations include reduced specificity, operator dependence, and challenges in detecting microcalcifications. Automatic breast ultrasound (ABUS) addresses some issues but faces constraints like potential inaccuracies and limited microcalcification detection. The analysis underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to breast cancer screening, emphasizing international collaboration and addressing limitations, especially in resource-constrained settings. Despite advancements, notably with ABUS, the primary goal is to contribute insights for optimizing breast cancer screening globally, improving outcomes, and mitigating the impact of this debilitating disease.

An analysis of reported cases shoulder injury related to vaccine administration of after COVID-19 vaccination.

To prevent COVID-19, the COVID-19 vaccine has been widely administered worldwide, but various complications accompany this vaccine. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic patterns, clinical features, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes associated with shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA). This study examined 22 patients with SIRVA following COVID-19 vaccination from the Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed databases. The patients were categorized based on sex, age, type of COVID-19 vaccine received, dose administered, latency of symptom onset, and the presence of specific clinical manifestations. Patients, evenly distributed by sex (12 females, 10 males), and aged 21 to 84 years (mean age 46.6), were analyzed. SIRVA cases were reported across all age groups. The Pfizer - BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine had the highest incidence (n = 8), followed by the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (n = 4). Symptoms, primarily shoulder pain (n = 22) and shoulder mobility disorders (n = 18), occurred within three days post-vaccination. Some patients also reported shoulder swelling (n = 5) and fever (n = 2). Imaging revealed nonspecific X-ray findings, supraspinatus tendon calcification (n = 2), and shoulder edema and inflammation on MRI (n = 12). This study provides insights into the clinical aspects of SIRVA related to COVID-19 vaccination. Recognition and appropriate management of these complications are crucial for optimal patient outcomes.

Body size modulates demographic patterns of top predators and their native and invasive prey: A biomathematical approach

The arrival of invasive species in native communities impacts the structure and functioning of ecosystems, and is considered a critical indicator of loss of biodiversity. Exploring the effects of new species in communities presents challenges addressable through theoretical ecology. Species body size not only shapes trophic relationships, but may also impact predator success and facilitate species coexistence. However, little attention has been paid to the effects of differences in species body size on interactions between native and invasive primary consumers, which could be relevant to their coexistence with higher-level predators. Our aim is to investigate demographic patterns using a dynamic, mechanistic model of two age-structured primary consumers (one invasive and one native) sharing a plant resource and preyed upon by a common predator. In our model, we highlight three crucial phenomena: the structuring of primary consumers into adults and juveniles, reproduction occurring in discrete pulses, and the seasonal addition of new individuals to the population. Hence, the success of one species over the other relies on its reproductive capacity to incorporate individuals in each reproductive cycle. Our simulations reveal that abundance patterns are influenced by body size, suggesting that changes in predator body size could serve as key indicators of shifts in community structure.

Action Of Homoeopathy In Chronic Diseases – A Retrospective Analysis

Background: Homeopathy, as a holistic system of  medicine, plays a pivotal role in the management  of both acute and chronic diseases, offering a  potential for permanent cure without causing harm  to the patient. This retrospective analysis aims to  underscore the advantages of homeopathy, focusing  on common chronic ailments such as irritable bowel  syndrome (IBS), polycystic ovarian syndrome  (PCOD), bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and low  backache. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted  retrospectively among patients attending the general  Outpatient Department (OPD 2) at the National  Homeopathy Research Institute in Mental Health,  Kottayam, Kerala, every Tuesday from January 2023  to July 2023 (7 months). Analysis of data from 1677  patients revealed patterns of frequently indicated  medicines. Results: A total of 1677 patients were included in  the study, revealing distinct patterns in demographics  and health conditions. The age distribution (Table  1, Figure1) indicated a higher prevalence among  individuals aged 51-60 years (24%), while those in  the 91-100 age group showed the least representation  (1%). Notably, a predominant male presence  was observed, constituting 51% of the patient  population(Table2, Figure2). Among the patients,  197 were new attendees, while 1480 were returning  patients, highlighting the sustained engagement of  individuals with homeopathic care over time (Table 3,  Figure3). The most prevalent disorders encountered  during the study period (Table4, Figure4) were  Bronchial Asthma (10%), Acid Peptic Disease (9%),  and Diabetes Mellitus (9%). The most frequently  used remedies were Sulphur, Pulsatilla, Nuxvomica,  and RhusToxicodendron. Conclusion: In summary, this retrospective study  involving 1677 patients at the National Homeopathy  Research Institute in Mental Health revealed a  predominant male demographic, with a concentration  of cases in the 51-60 age group. Common disorders  included Bronchial Asthma, Acid Peptic Disease,  and Diabetes Mellitus, while Sulphur, Pulsatilla,  Nuxvomica, and Rhustox emerged as frequently  indicated remedies. Notably, the study showcased a  remarkable improvement in all patients, affirming the  efficacy and significance of homeopathy in achieving  positive therapeutic outcomes. 

Adrenocortical Cancer in the Real World: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Features and Management from the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG)

IntroductionAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare yet highly malignant tumor associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to delineate the clinical features, survival patterns, and treatment modalities of ACC, providing insights into the disease's prognosis. Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of 157 ACC patients was performed to assess treatment methodologies, demographic patterns, pathological and clinical attributes, and laboratory results. The data were extracted from the hospital's database. Survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method, with univariate and multivariate analyses being performed through the log-rank test and Cox regression analyses. ResultsThe median age was 45, and 89.4% had symptoms at the time of diagnosis. The median tumor size was 12 cm. A total of 117 (79.6%) patients underwent surgery. A positive surgical border was detected in 26 (24.1%) patients. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 44.4% of patients. The median overall survival for the entire cohort was 44.3 months. Median OS was found to be 87.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 74.4-100.2) in stage 2, 25.8 (95% CI 6.5-45.1) months in stage 3, and 13.3 (95% CI 7.0-19.6) months in stage 4 disease. Cox regression analysis identified age, Ki67 value, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and hormonal activity as significant factors associated with survival in patients with nonmetastatic disease. In metastatic disease, only patients who underwent surgery exhibited significantly improved overall survival in univariate analyses. ConclusionACC is an uncommon tumor with a generally poor prognosis. Understanding the defining prognostic factors in both localized and metastatic diseases is vital. This study underscores age, Ki67 value, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and hormonal activity as key prognostic determinants for localized disease, offering critical insights into the complexities of ACC management and potential avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.